PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.